The USA Patriot Act Should be Amended

Every sane individual would agree with the assertion that what occurred on September 11, 2001 is indeed a tragedy for the American public. With this grief came the awareness and fear that terrorism has become a global dilemma. In line with such events, the US government led by President George W. Bush Jr. initiated an all out war against terrorism (global war on terror). The latter called for measures within and outside the United States that would supposedly crack down on terrorist groups and safeguard national security (Ahmed, 268).The main legislative measure employed is through the USA Patriot Act. The said Act extended the powers of U. S. law enforcement agencies for the mentioned purpose of conquering terrorism domestically and abroad. For example, the act increases the ability of law enforcement agencies in terms of surveillances (electronic, medical, immigration or financial records et cetera). As the Max Brenn reports, the USA Patriot Act:â€Å"†¦furthered foreign inte lligence gathering within the United States; expanded the authority of the US Secretary of Treasury to regulate financial transactions involving foreign entities; and permitted a high level of discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. † (Brenn, 2007) The term â€Å"domestic terrorism† was also included in the definition of terrorism in the said Patriot Act, this means that the exercise of authority of law enforcement agencies covered a larger scope of activities.This paper asserts that the US Patriot Act should be amended due to its vague policies, the overpower it gives governmental agencies (i. e. the SNL), and the incompatibility of some of its provisions with the American constitution. Further, it must be noted that despite being amended last 2006, a lot of provisions (even those that are permanently stipulated) continue to violate civil liberties; with at least two provisions of the said act already being deemed to be unconstitutional.Moreover, the USA Patriot act as it is does not meet the urgency it had in 2001, as such it order to be in line with its purpose, it must be amended in accordance to the needs of our time. First, it has been argued that the said law infringes the right of individuals in terms of privacy as well as due process as well as giving too much power to the FBI, CSI etc. This is exemplified by the provisions in the Patriot act that allows for delayed if not with held search warrants.This goes to say that law enforcement officers have the authorization to conduct â€Å"sneak and peek† searches, wherein the owner or person concerned are not given notice nor is asked for permission regarding a search. Moreover it is the case that the NSLs (National Security Letters) are deemed to be used to acquire documents including telephone, email, financial and even library records (all of which are deemed as private) without the proper ap proval of a judicial court.It is further the case that most of the public records which the Federal Bureau of Investigations gains access too are supposed to be covered by the fourth amendment of the constitution and not to mention governed by client-company/institutional/professional privilege. Further, in support of the argument that the Patriot Act infringes civil liberties, we may review the current rulings of certain courts. Take for example, last September 6, 2007 the rewritten Patriot Act was held by U. S. District Judge Victor Marrero as offensive to the fundamental principles upheld by our constitution.A more current blow to the said law is the ruling of a federal judge that at least two provisions of the Patriot act are unconstitutional last September 26, 2007. This is again with regards to the warrantless searches and acquisition of records through the NSL which are in direct violation of the fourth amendment. The constitution is the primary source of the laws that govern s the land. In its current state, some aspects of the Patriot Act are contrary to the stipulations of the constitution.As such, there is a need to amend the Act otherwise, it would be nullified for not coinciding with the things that are upheld and safeguarded by the constitution. A lot of states have already agreed that the legislature contradicts with the fundamental principles of the constitution, one of this states is Montana (Graham-Felsen, 2005). The following are specific parts of the constitution that the Patriot Act needs to take into consideration and uphold at all times. In order for this to happen, the law would have to be amended.Aside from the fourth amendment, the Patriot act also needs to be amended in order to uphold the sixth amendment of the US constitution which assures the right of individuals to proper judicial processes. The USA Patriot Act warrants the use of shady courts in the sense that people suspected of terrorist activities despite lack of sufficient ev idence are tried without due presence of outside juries and proper documentation open to public scrutiny. This directly violates the 6th amendment because it allows underground processing of suspects.There is also reason to believe that US citizens are subjected to surveillance based on their religion and other affiliations, a direct violation of one’s right to self-determination. This is through the authority given to law enforcement agencies to tap into records of individuals without enough probable cause (ACLU, 2007). Further, Americans and immigrants are subjected to unconstitutional investigations and interrogations even if there is insufficient proof of these persons being actual threats to national security.There are inconveniences that occur today that manifest the extent to which the Patriot Act is shown to be a hindrance rather than a protection of national security. This can be seen through the incidents reported wherein American citizens are forced to delay flight s due to their inclusion to the no fly list by merely bearing the same name as a person suspected by the FBI or Homeland Security. One of the worst incidents perhaps is the wrongful accusation of Brandon Mayfield; whose fingerprints were mistakenly matched with the prints found in the Madrid Train Bombings of 2004 (Molina, 2007).Nonetheless, these faulty aspects of the Act can be amended to remove the errors it possesses. We cannot deny that there is indeed a need to safeguard our national security in order for us to live; rights do not function in a vacuum. There are certain conditions that have to be met in order for us to practice the liberties we love and cherish. The USA Patriot act and its rigidity is the right legislative course of action in 2001, its effectiveness can be improved to fit our society’s post-9/11 scenario.Certain provisions like those that continue to override the rights of the people need to be further amended to suit the constitutional system of our co untry. Some of the provisions are indeed too drastic and need to be re-evaluated and if necessary repealed; however some of the contents of the said Act do address the need to protect our land from terrorism. It must once again be clarified that even if the author deems that some provisions should be repealed, it does not necessarily follow the law in its entirety should be abolished.Specifically, the US congress could start by setting the limits to the use of NSLs by the FBI. Truly this aspect of the Patriot Act has been proven to be problematic. According to CNN. com, the White House itself expressed its concern regarding this misuse of powers last March 2007 which the FBI director at that time claim responsibility for (Arena & Quijano, 2007). In addition the reauthorization of the Patriot Act includes new policies that once again contain vague and ambiguous terms like, â€Å"an offense against the United States† and â€Å"reasonable grounds†.Indeed the latter would be significant in the sense that the said law warrants also the forming of a secret/special police force are given power to arrest and keep out people at their own discretion in lieu of a â€Å"special event of national significance† present (Roberts, 2006). The latter again is left undefined. These limitations, and the necessary provisions that safeguard the rights of the people, within reason, would be resolved through an amendment of the USA Patriot Act. The law needs to adapt to the necessity of the time on which it is suppose to serve its purpose.The aforementioned are samples of the provisions of which our congress could start reviewing and amending. Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness would regain its fullest meaning if and only if, we accept the need to safeguard, first and foremost, this country. Works Cited Ahmed, Nafeez M. The War on Freedom: How and Why America was Attacked September 11, 2001. CA: Tree of Life Publications, 2002 Arena, Kelli and Quijano, E laine. â€Å"Audit: FBI's Patriot Act snooping broke rules. † CNN. com. March 9, 2007. Accessed 5 October 2007 . Brenn, Max. â€Å"Sections of the Patriot Act Unconstitutional- Judge. † Efluxmedia. September 7, 2007. accessed October 8, 2007 at Graham-Felsen, Sam. â€Å"Sweet Victory: Montana Acts Patriotic. † The Nation. April 8, 2005. accessed 6 October 2007 . Molina, Mike R. â€Å"Federal judge rules Patriot Act search, surveillance provisions unconstitutional. † Paperchase news burst.Jurist; Legal News and Research. September 26, 2007. accessed 6 October 2007 . Roberts, Paul Craig. â€Å"Unfathomed Dangers in PATRIOT Act Reauthorization. † Anti-War. com. January 24, 2006. accessed 3 October 2007 at . â€Å"Federal Court Strikes Down Patriot Act Search and Surveillance Provisions. † American Civil Liberties Union. September 27, 2007. Date accessed 7 October 2007 < http://www. aclu. org/safefree/patriot/31989prs20070927. html>.

Cola explosion Essay

Cola Explosion When the Mentos come into contact with the Diet Coke, a reaction causes the rapid formation of foam. it is concluded that the potassium benzoate, aspartame, and C02 gas contained in the Diet Coke, in combination with the gelatin and gum arabic ingredients of the Mentos, all contribute to the formation of the foam. The structure of the Mentos is the most significant cause of the eruption due to nucleation. MythBusters reported that when fruit-flavored Mentos with a smooth waxy coating were tested in carbonated drink there was hardly a reaction, whereas int-flavored Mentos (with no such coating) added to carbonated drink formed an energetic eruption, affirming the nucleation-site theory. The surface of the mint Mentos is covered with many small holes that increase the surface area available for reaction (and thus the quantity of reagents exposed to each other at any given time), thereby allowing C02 bubbles to form with the rapidity and quantity necessary for the â€Å"Jet†- or â€Å"geyser†-like nature of the effusion. Each Mentos candy has thousands of mall pores on its surface which disrupt the polar attractions between water molecules, creating thousands of ideal nucleation sites for the gas molecules to congregate. In non-science speak, this porous surface creates a lot of bubble growth sites, allowing the carbon dioxide bubbles to rapidly form on the surface of the Mentos. (If you use a smooth surfaced Mentos candy, you won’t get nearly same the reaction. ) The buoyancy of the bubbles and their growth will eventually cause the bubbles to leave the nucleation site and rise to the surface of the soda. Bubbles will continue to form on the porous surface and the process will repeat, creating a nice, foamy geyser. In addition to that, the gum arabic and gelatin ingredients of the Mentos, combined with the potassium benzoate, sugar or (potentially) aspartame in diet sodas, also help in this process. In these cases, the ingredients end up lowering the surface tension of the liquid, allowing for even more rapid bubble growth on the porous surface of the Mentos†higher surface tension would make it a more difficult environment for bubbles to form. Compounds like gum arabic that lower surface tension are called â€Å"surfactants†). Diet sodas produce a bigger reaction than non-diet sodas because aspartame lowers the surface tension of the liquid much more than sugar or corn syrup will. You can also increase the effect by adding more surfactants to the soda when you add the Mentos, like adding a mixture of dishwasher soap and water. Bubble theory: How bubbles form in liquids In most liquids, there is some dissolved gas. In high surface tension liquids, like water, it is tough for bubbles to orm, because water molecules like to be next to other water molecules (capillary forces). To overcome this, a nucleation site is generally needed. Gas molecules congregate next to nucleation sites, which break up the network of water molecules. When enough are gathered, they form a bubble. Due to capillary forces, the bubble will initially stay at its nucleation site. But usually, the buoyancy of the bubble will eventually cause it to rise, as more and more gas molecules collect in the bubble. More fun bubble facts†¦ When a soda is bottled, it is bottled under a relatively high pressure of C02 that is opened without shaking high pressure C02 above the liquid escapes, making the familiar hiss. The C02 in the liquid slowly escapes until equilibrium is achieved. When the unopened can is shaken, some of the gaseous C02 gets mixed into the liquid, forming a supersaturated solution. The mixed in gas also provide growth sites for the dissolved C02. The growth sites allow the C02 to escape much more rapidly– hence the â€Å"explosive† evolution of C02 gas.

Android vs Apple

Both operating systems now dominate the smartphone market, Apple and android. It all began when Google launched its Android system six years ago. But that approach is quite different. Google is not software to allow mobile phone manufacturers to modify or adjust software for free, it just manufactures software. Google believes that by offering free services, you can increase advertising on mobile phones and Google that are more friendly to the Internet in the long run. Since Android is the world's most popular operating system that many smartphone users love, I believe this strategy has been successful. iPhone and Android phone are the latest mobile phone needs. But when Apple made Iphone 5, they guaranteed that the phone can be used up to 3 days. Papers on Iphone and Android essays can only be accessed from anti-essay. Apple Vs Android: S is also one of the top smartphones next to the Apples IPhone. Writing comparison paper on 28th March 2015: The paper statement used by Iphone and Galaxy Smartphone Apple Inc. is your first sentence, attracting the Galaxy series running on the Android system, of cell phones such as iPhones It became a major manufacturer. This system welcomes Google's competition between Google and Android Apple iOS is one of the most notable wars on the mobile gadget platform. The Google Android platform is a discussion paper dated 18th September 2016. It is an essay on Android and iOS. Customization is different from Android IOS used by Apple. Paper type: chapter of paper / paper. This article on October 11, 2014 will explain the main reasons why you need to use Android devices instead of Apple gadgets. Apple phone The iPhone and Android (or iOS and Android, or more precisely) was the best technical competitor in 10 years. In the past, the desktop war between Apple and Microsoft, Apple and IBM was halted. Both sides recorded some wonderful sales. Samsung is a leading manufacturer of Android mobile phones, which will post a sales volume of 385 .5 million units in 2016 and Huawei, Xiaomi etc will be adding more products, but Apple has 215 million units It is second in mobile phone. Profit: nearly 80% of the world smartphone's profit Analysts and bloggers are trying to position iPhone vs.. The history of the PC market is not an indication of this paper. Apple succeeds in Android's success, but since January 1, 2012 the success of innovation (to the short history of Apple's acquisition), Google released Android phone very soon, vertical method (software): Operating system and Microsoft. Apple February 19, 2016 FBI hopes Apple will help access to the iPhone 5C (due to its value this is not unique to the iPhone: my Android like my iPhone Mobile, September 2014 With the launch of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, Apple appeared on April 7, 2011. Friend: I like Google Friend Android vs. Android Speaking of closed system Has issued a statement on operating system developers and has not announced statements about developers.

Nursing Leadership & Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Leadership & Management - Essay Example For the case of the CNL, they have no option but to always assess the context of the situation prior to selecting the leadership style in the course of dispensing duties in the hospital setting. This also relates to the fact that each organization functions on its own rules and already has a defined culture (Chapman, Johnson & Kilner, 2014). In line with this argument the leadership role and management of the CNL needs to depend on the context and the leader has to be extremely flexible while using either of leadership styles. According to the tasks of the CNL, the application of a historical assessment of leadership style may prove useful in their line of work as Chapman, Johnson & Kilner (2014) indicate. Since the tasks of the CNL are diverse, complex, and novel in the field of nursing, the nurse leader may assess the success of the leadership styles before and evaluate if the same are applicable in their present setting. If the leader manages to create a leadership pattern, then he/she has a proper chance of successful execution of duties in the hospital setting. Evidently, the CNL is expected to create an effective team through his/ her leadership styles in the hospital setting. Chapman, Johnson & Kilner (2014) write that effective teams need to be developed if the organization has to function as a unit and achieve the set objectives. This means that it is the responsibility of the CNL to make sure that they learn the strengths and the weak points of the team members so as he/she can devise the most effective way of leading them. On another view point Chapman, Johnson & Kilner (2014) are of the opinion that leadership must also ensure that the healthcare services are cost effective and that the quality of the services does not go down. This means that Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) has to always make sure that the

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics - Research Paper Example Not just did it prompt the New Deal in America, however all the more fundamentally, it was an immediate reason for the ascent of fanaticism in Germany expediting World War II. 1. Stock Market Crash of 1929 Numerous accept mistakenly that stocks slam that happened on 29th, which is also known as the Black Tuesday, is the same thing as the Great Depression of 1929. In fact, this is one essential reason that further expedited the Great Depression. Two months after the definitive collision that took place in the month of October, stockholders had to let go of around $40 billion dollars (Walton and Rockoff). In spite of the fact that money markets started to recover some of its misfortunes, toward the conclusion of 1930, it simply was insufficient and America without a doubt entered what is known as the Great Depression. 2. American Economic Policy with Europe As organizations started coming up short, the legislature made the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930 to help secure American organizatio ns. This charged a high assess for imports along these lines accelerating less exchange between America and remote nations on top of some budgetary striking back. 3. Bank Failures All around the 1930s over 9,000 banks fizzled. Bank stores were uninsured and accordingly as banks failed individuals essentially lost their investment funds. Surviving banks, unsure of the budgetary circumstance and concerned for their survival, quit being as eager to make new advances. This aggravated the circumstances expediting less and less uses (Cravens). 4. Reduction in Purchasing Across the Board With the stock exchange slam and the reasons for alarm of further monetary hardships, people from all classes quit acquiring things. This then prompted a lessening in the amount of things processed and in this way a decrease in the workforce. As individuals lost their employments, they were unable to stay aware of paying for things they had purchased through portion arranges and their things were repossess ed. More stock started to amass. The unemployment rate climbed above 25% which implied, obviously, even less using to help mitigate the budgetary circumstance (Walton and Rockoff). 5. Drought Conditions Whilst not an immediate reason for the Great Depression, the dry spell that took place in the Valley of Mississippi Valley in 1930 occurred at such an extent that numerous couldn't even pay their assessments or different obligations and needed to offer their ranches for no benefit to themselves. The zone was nicknamed "The Dust Bowl." 2) Why did the Great Depression last so long? In the wake of being a shut book for quite some time, economists have returned to the Great Depression utilizing later advancements as a part of monetary hypothesis and quantitative strategies. This new examination is amazing, as it uncovers that some parts of the Depression differentiate pointedly with long-standing descriptions (Walton and Rockoff). The routine perspective is that the Depression started as an arrangement mixture subsidence, which then turned into the Depression through saving money emergencies and the disappointment of the Federal Reserve to grow the cash supply. This view additionally contends that the recuperation from the Depression was on track until 1937, when the Fed raised bank hold necessities and President Roosevelt diminished financial boost. In any case the quick profundity and the constant span of the Depression are conflicting with conventional

Hemingway and Cezanne - Sharing a Vision Research Paper

Hemingway and Cezanne - Sharing a Vision - Research Paper Example In particular, the unique connection between Ernest Hemingway and Paul Cezanne is manifested through their inclination to the simplicity of presentation and complexity of inner meaning. Even a person who opens any book written by Hemingway for the first time feels that it will be a completely new and unique experience. Having read at least one page of any of his masterpieces, one understands what the matter is. In the heart of the writer's uniqueness and unusualness, which may seem to be even strangeness for some people, is his writing style. Hemingways technique is really simple, and it is this simplicity that stands out in all his works. This technique was developed by the author during his career as a journalist. In accordance with Wainwright, simplicity, and clarity of his writing style is manifested through plain grammar, austere word choice, accessible and understandable language, and unembellished description. Perhaps, a perfect word that describes Hemingways writing style is â€Å"clean† for, in his pieces, he uses simple and rhythmic sentences focused mostly on the representation of bold actions rather than vast descriptions. The simplicity of Ernest Hemingways writing style is also in the way he presents information to the reader. In this case, it is necessary to mention the so-called â€Å"iceberg principle† utilized by the writer in all his works. He does tell much about or even does not tell at all about what a particular character feels and/or thoughts. He omits such delicate things, presents readers with mere facts and actions and makes them figure out what he implies. He does it in such a masterful way that the audience grasps the hidden meaning as if the writer stated it directly. The way Paul Cezanne created his masterpieces is regarded as a unique case in the history of art.  

Philosophy and Aims of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophy and Aims of Education - Essay Example The curriculum committee of an individual school divides the responsibilities involved in different parts of the model, for instance, the school’s curriculum council may work on the aims of education, and other subgroups conduct a needs assessment and study sources of curricular needs. The aim of education is to inspire every student to think, to learn, and to care. There are four philosophies of education; reconstructionism, progressivism, essentialism, and perennialism. Essentialism and progressivism are significant for schools. Progressivism emphasizes the child’s needs and interests and has profound impact on educational programs and practices. Curriculum workers are urged to clarify their own philosophies and to draw up a statement of their school’s philosophy that can be communicated to other professionals and to the public. Oliva and Gordon (2012) stated that the development of a statement of aims of education and a school philosophy is seen as the first p hase of a comprehensive model for curriculum

Identity Theft Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identity Theft - Assignment Example Such developments have made communication a second task, where a large amount of data and information can be collected and used for a number of purposes easily. However, these developments can be seen as positive for human beings, but these can also be seen as a negative phenomenon. It is usually called as the â€Å"double edged sword†, where it has both bright and dark sides. Though computer and information technology has proved to be much useful for communication and business development, but it has also created new ways for doing illegal or criminal activities (Gordon, Hosmer, Siedsma, & Rebovich, 2003; Smith & Spafford, 2004). Up till now a large number of security threats have been emerged in the world of computing, however the identity theft is believed to be the most crucial among all of them. This paper presents an overview of identity theft. Identity theft is the most prevalent criminal activity found to be threatening to most of the people and businesses, as shown above in figure 1. But there is little empirical and experimental research is conducted over this issue, due to some important reason, such as the detection rate, demographic dimension of the crime, and the criminals; identify-ability (Allisona, Schuck, & Lersch, 2005). Identity theft is a form of cybercrime, which can be defined as, â€Å"identity theft is a misuse of a another person’s identity, such as name, social security number, driver’s license, credit card numbers, and bank account numbers† (Denning, 1999, p. 241). As the definition suggests that identity theft can be done from a number of ways, so there some different kinds of the identity related crime, but the most usual type is the credit card theft, where the credit card numbers are used in order to steal a heavy amount. There is an evidence as per a research conducted by Newman and McNally (2007) that the degree of credit card theft through the Internet has been snowballing as internet

The Possibilities And Effects Of Raising Prices Above Competitive Assignment

The Possibilities And Effects Of Raising Prices Above Competitive Levels In Oligopolistic Markets - Assignment Example Examples of oligopoly in our economic system today include Steel industry, Aluminum, Film, Television, Cell phone and Gas among others (Perloff 2011). The probability of raising prices above the competitive levels demand a detailed understanding of the oligopolistic markets and the influential trends involved. Normally, the possibilities prevalence depends on the desire of the involved firms for success. In this piece, the mention of the possibilities would imply the probability of occurrence of raised prices above the competitive levels. In this situation, when such an issue is mentioned, many would tend to begin asking themselves on whether the probabilities are activity prompt or automatic. Again the choices by the firms in the market that attribute to alteration of the prices beyond the competitive levels have consequences. Moreover, the essential point to understand in this scenario is the essence of prices, their thresholds and the effect of status in the oligopolistic market (Mansfield 1982). Oligopolistic markets have variant features relating to the prices such as the limited number of firms selling the same commodities. If there are a number of firms dealing on similar products then it implies that there must be a significant extent of competition for which the price is a critical factor. Altering the price in a particular firm would impact the entire market since one of the market forces is altered. The provision of branding of products by different firms means that the products are distinct and each might be identical to the associated firm. The entry barriers might possess a negligible concern albeit they are considered imperative due to their significant influence and regulation in the number of firms (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris 1999). Firms in the oligopolistic market cooperate to determine prices and endeavour to uphold the price levels. The prices are regarded as monopolistic since they are the main point of concern in the market. The firms compete on the prices m in order for the prices to remain as a competitive industry model. In the situation where firms compete on prices, the desired price is regarded as the competitive level price. This implies that evident consequences can result if any firm elevates its prices beyond the actual one determined by the competition in the market (Cassimatis 1996). The monopoly as well as the competitive scale is responsible for the determination of price and the benefits involved in the market. Oligopolistic market prices and the consequential profits are indefinite since the challenges in modeling inter-reliant price productivity deliberations (Glahe & Lee 1982). Background Investigation Having looked at the oligopolistic markets, what are would be the possibilities and effects of raising prices above competitive levels? In order to have an in-depth understanding of the preceding question, we have to understand

Project Task-List Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Task-List - Essay Example Effective and quality ensuring training programs are of vital importance for successful execution of human resource development. Training programs follow a four step methodology that includes planning, implementation and finally the assessment of the training program (EPA, 2000). Ideal training programs are expected to, We are planning to carry out a two day training session that should be very effective. After the venue has been decided by the top management as per their financial suitability, some important tasks need to be carried out. Designed systematic analyses are needed to identify and target the gaps in the employees’ skill set for training progression. After a clear picture of why and where training is needed, the training activity gets a direction for plan. Most commonly used tools for gap analysis are questionnaires, group discussions or direct question answer sessions. Once the training objectives have been worked out, it gets further easy to decide upon the main topic that can add good impression to the organization’s literature history. The topic can be further broken down by the chief trainer and other experts about it would be imparted and what parts would be covered on the first day and what parts would be covered the second day. After the sub contents have been prepared, the trainer needs to see how the training would actually be done. He needs to decide upon the tool that would be used, for instance PC, projector etc and working upon the infrastructure management for the project. The contents of the training session have to settle according to the available time frame (Upadhyay, 2012). The methodologies for instance, group discussion oriented training, role playing, case study or any other type has to be selected based upon its suitability with respect to the contents and the knowledge and interest level of target group. The most important aspect is breaking down of the methodologies between

MCI WorldCom Essay Example for Free

MCI WorldCom Essay As noted above, Latin America is and has been ahead of many countries with emerging economies in the development of its telecommunications sectors and the attraction of private investment. Similarly, it has been substantially advanced in its promulgation of rules and regulations, changing as required to keep up with constant change in technology and services. All of the above drives or suppresses competition and growth depending on how the change is effected and how effective enforcement is executed. In Mexico, we have seen investment moratoria declared by MCI WorldCom and ATT based on alleged failure of the Government to enforce the telecommunications regulations against TELMEX, which most affect the economics of service-provision by the competitors. While resolution has commenced of these issues in Mexico, full resolution is not yet a reality, and the sector has suffered a slow-down in investment at a time when investment should have been the most robust in Mexicos history. On the other hand, one sees in Mexico, a reversal of the cross subsidies which previously characterized the service of TELMEX. For example, before privatization, TELMEXs local exchange service failed to cover one third of its costs and was permanently subsidized by TELMEXs dramatically high international tariffs. That has reversed, forced, in part, by the requirements of its Concession and the introduction of competition in long distance and international service. As new international operators can compete on price, without regard to local exchange service, if the incumbent does not lower international prices and remain competitive, it will lose a large portion of its revenue and its best and most lucrative customers. In fact, some of the most vigorous of the complaints of TELMEXs interconnection and access charge practices demonstrated a policy of avoidance of competition in this lucrative market. Currently, ITU reports show dramatically higher local exchange charges than those, which characterized the pre-privatization company. Indeed, TELMEX monthly recurring charge is on par with other countries of Latin America which have rebalanced their tariffs to eliminate the cross subsidies. Thus, it is significantly higher than monthly recurring residential charges of companies in other countries that have not been obligated to rebalance. The latter means that those countries remain largely without formal or effective competition. This is because competition forces rebalancing of tariffs in order for the incumbent to maintain market share in the price-competitive and lucrative markets like long distance, international and commercial. Similarly, Argentina and Peru have monthly recurring charges, which reflect a rebalancing of tariffs and elimination of much of the cross-subsidies that previously characterized the companys finances. This means necessarily, a higher monthly recurring residential charge than countries such as Paraguay, Surinam and others that have not yet eliminated their cross subsidies (again typically revealing a lack of competition which threatens the market share of lucrative and over-charged markets). As noted earlier, the law and the vigorous competition in Chile contributed to the elimination of cross subsidies and the balancing of tariffs with cost of providing the service. Thus, like Argentina, Peru and Mexico, Chile had monthly recurring residential charges, which reflected its cost of providing the service, and operators competed vigorously in long distance and international pricing for market share. At the end of 1999, however, the Government forced a lowering of monthly recurring charges, which substantially impacted the revenue balance of local exchange carriers. That is, with long distance and international tariffs subject to severe competition and thus as marginally low as possible, the monthly recurring charge is one of the few revenue sources available to generate margin. While it cannot create wide margins as monopoly international services once did due to the economy of the market of residential users, it at least covered its costs and generated profit in a rebalanced tariffing environment. Now Chilean local exchange carriers are saying that the new rules no longer allow that. Thus, they have declared a moratorium on the construction of local exchange infrastructure. Perhaps by the time of the PTC conference, we shall have a resolution of the dispute. What all of the above, and current marketing of services in other countries, like the U. S. , cause us to think about is how networks will be paid for in the future. In a technological environment where long distance is virtually the same as local exchange service (eg. ATT advertises its one service which encompasses the entire of the U. S. , local and long distance; Venezuela has reduced its domestic long distance to two regions, all else within them is local exchange; Sprint sells its ten cent minute anywhere in the country, etc); wire line virtually the same as wireless (Ugandas second national operator uses exclusively a GSM cellular network with software distinctions for price-capped services; Canada and U. S. move toward wireless local loop being interchangeable with cellular and fixed line telephony); data equals voice services (GPRS and UMTS provide telephony services with internet access, interactive email and other mixed services features), etc. Thus, technological convergence; global seamless mergers of services and service operators and new means of delivery, like the INTERNET, point toward different measures of financing infrastructure build-out. For example, whereas operators used long distance and international revenues predominantly in the past as a primary revenue stream, which supported financing of build-out, those streams have shrunk substantially in a competitive environment. The same is true for international settlements. Now, as we are seeing in Chile, the same could be true in the future for the monthly recurring charge on local exchange service. Prepaid services and cellular or other wireless substitutes for local exchange service, already threaten this revenue stream.

Networking Topography Essay Example for Free

Networking Topography Essay

Karma of Violence in Macbeth

Karma of Violence in Macbeth With elements like wars, assassinations, and murders, violence takes up a significant part of Macbeth. At the early stage of Macbeth, the audience is presented a battlefield scene where a bloody massager appears. Echoing such a violent and bloody image, the play ends with Macbeth being killed. Although karma is an Indian belief, lines like This even-handed justice / Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice / to our own lips (Macbeth I.vii.10) reveal traits of karma in the Scottish play.  [1]  Karma means that all actions have consequences which will affect the doers of the actions at some future time (Reichenbach 399). In this essay, I will argue that violence is not merely actions performed by the characters but the skeleton of plot and theme. For the sake of a clear analysis, I will first outline the concept of karma and karma of violence in Macbeth. Then I will conclude that the karmic effect of violence drives the development of plot and reflects moral judgement. As suggested by Rajendra Prasad, the law of karma should be viewed as a retributive theory of morality (qtd. in Keown 331). Reichenbach also noted that 1.Morally accountable actions which are done out of desire for their fruits are subjected to karma; 2.Some karmic effects are manifested at once or in this life, some in the next life; 3.Karmic effect of actions can be accumulated (qtd. in Keown 335). In this essay, Keowns idea on karma is taken; the relationship between karma and intention is indisputable; volitional action alone can result in karma; sinning in ones heart without physical performance is possible that same act may have different karma for different people (Keown 336). Rebirth and karma beyond characters portrayed lives will not be discussed here. Violence is not only a part of the play, but its skeleton. Karma, as stated, is accumulative and is resulted from moral and physical actions. In Macbeth, violence, with its karmic effect, breeds violence. In Act one, Macbeth is reported about cutting Macdonwald open, unseame[s] him from the nave to th chops, / [a]nd fixe[s] his head upon battlements (I.ii.22-3)and is [n]othing afeard of what [himself] didst make, / [s]trange images of death (I.iii.97-8). This suggests his violent nature and his capacity of bloody deeds in the future. Such a valiant and worthy achievement (I.ii.24), as a result, won him the title of Thane of Cawdor. It was then the realization of prophecy bred his ambition whose murder yet is but fantastical (I.iii.139). The word fantastical echoes with Banquos address to the witches I the name of truth, / Are ye fantastical or that indeed / which outwardly ye show?(I.iii.54-5), drawing parallel between the witches and Macbeths fantastical thoughts which are not indee d outwardly [he] show[ed] as well. With such murderous thoughts, Macbeth, whose [place] [is] the nearest (I.iv.36) to Duncan betrays his own family blood and country to secure the throne. The karmic effect of this bloody throne is fear; the fear on Banquos issue and Macduffs flee to England prompts him further violence and ultimate self-destruction. His bloody acts make returning were as tedious as go over (III.iv.140-1).Violence, therefore, breeds on-and-on violent deeds till the end of the play. As Macbeth puts it, Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill (III.ii.55), such on-and-on violence increases intensity over time. After violence against Macdonwald, Macbeth killed Duncan in sleep. Sleep, under Shakespeares description, is innocent . . . that knits up the reveled sleeve of care . . . the great natures second course, chief nourisher in lifes feast (II.ii.34-8). The peaceful description of natures gift and Duncans royal position contrast with the murder, highlighting intensified violence. Although he is unsettled by the deed, he soon recovers and exhibits a greater degree of violence. Without consulting his wife, Macbeth readily kills two innocent servants. Compared to the hesitation shown in Duncans murder, he becomes bolder. Violence, as a recurring role, performs an endless loop. Macbeth, with a mind full of scorpions (III.ii.36), then sends out three men in total only to ensure Banquo and Fleances deaths. He becomes determined to take a step further to kill the weaker gender and innocent children in Macduffs family. When Macduff receives the tragic news, he asks about his children repeatedly and all my children?, My children too?, What, all my pretty chickens and their dam / at one fell swoop? (IV.iii.211-8). Such responses reflect that people then perceived the act of killing innocent children as outrageously violent.The climax of on-and-on violence came when Macduff greets the King with Macbeths head, saying Behold, where stands / the usurpers cursed head. (V.viii.54-5), putting an end on the loop of violence in the play. This illustration of the intensifying loop of violence suggests karmic consequences of murderous thoughts. In the analysis of Shakespearean violence, Foakes suggests that the urge to violence is deeply embedded in the human psyche, and creates recurring whatever political formations are dominant (Foakes 16). This viewpoint echoes with this karmic loop of violence. The series of violent acts keeps driving the plot development. The karma begins with Macbeths sinning in [his] heart (Keown 336) with murderous thoughts. Had he stopped at any point of his violent murders, he would not have suffered the deadly karma. Karmic effects of Macbeths repetitive violence, as suggested, accumulated throughout the play, causing the downfall of the soul and self-destruction. The karma of violence, therefore, extends the plot with series of consequences in Macbeth. In Macbeth, karma of violence is not only the consequences of behaviour. It implicitly reflects good morality in violence. Contrasting conventional idea, violence does not necessarily imply bad karma. Traditional Christian belief generally subscribes to the idea of Thou shalt not kill. However, under karma, same act may have different consequences for different people. At the beginning of the play, Duncan ordered the execution of Thane of Cawdor. This act of violence, justified by the traitors betrayal, did not result in a bad karma. Duncan, despite his death, enjoys the peace of mind of which Macbeth is deprived. Although Banquos violent behaviours are not explicitly described, audience can understand that Banquo, as a warrior, is capable of violence. His acts of violence, however, are justified by his selfless patriotism. In the play, Shakespeare uses Banquo as a moral contrast against Macbeth. They are of similar background, official rank and power at the beginning of Macbeth; they both face the tempting prophecy. However, Banquo endeavours to keep [his] bosom franchised and allegiance clear (II.i.26-7) while Macbeth jump[s] the life to come to commit murders (I.vii.7). The fact that Banquo succeeds in upholding morality in the same temptation suggests that Macbeths tragic ending is not a result of fatalism, but karma out of volitional actions. Karma is hugely based on ethical consideration and moral accountability. With moral actions, Banquos family line is blessed with good karma, contrasting Macbeths violence-induced fatal karma. Macduff, who performed the visually bloodiest violence by cutting and displaying Macbeths head, is also exempted from bad karma.  [2]  Since Macbeth has no children of his own, it is unlikely that Macduffs bloody deed would provoke another loop of violence against himself. It is reasonable to suggest that, Macduffs violent action, as a karma on Macbeth, is justified by its good intention of saving Scotland from the tyranny. The above examples of karma contrast against the deadly karma on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In Macbeths case, he performs all the violence based on his desire for power and the fear in securing it. Accordingly, he is subjected to karmic effects, which mostly take the form of internal struggles. Booth concluded that, all three murders towards Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are followed immediately by scenes of suffering and self-tortures (Booth 31). After Duncans murder, every noise appals Macbeth and he hears ominous voices threatening that he could no longer sleep with peace (II.ii.56). Although Macbeth does not show explicit guilt after Banquos death, his sub-conscience tortures him. He is startled by the image of Banquos phantom despite his self-regard as a fearless man. Macbeths soul becomes weary after murdering Macduffs family. He pessimistically believes that [his] way of life / [i]s falln into the sere, the yellow leaf, / [a]nd that which should accompany old age, / [a]s h onor, love, obedience, troops of friends, / [he] must not look to have.(V.iii.22-6). Ironically, Macbeth has traded his soul, friends, honour for a fruitless crown and a lifeless life. He is caught in a tragedy of his own making. In this way, the karma on Macbeth manifests as his internal struggles. Despite sympathy towards Macbeth, Macbeths selfishness, betrayal and violence deserve his own deadly and violent karma. As suggested by the Bible, For the wages of sin is death (Roman 5: 23). Therefore, given his murderous deeds, his death has to be brutally violent for moral justification. Macbeths tragic death implies that Shakespeare has acknowledged the immorality of Macbeths violent deeds. Lady Macbeth, similarly, has to pay a price for pouring [her] spirit in [Macbeths] ear, / [a]nd chastise[s] with the valour of [her] tongue (I.v.24-5) Ribner commented that The relationship between Macbeth and his wife steadily deteriorates . . . . The force of evil severs Macbeth from the rest of humanity; it breaks also the bond which ties him to his wife. He lives more and more closely with his own fears into which she cannot intrude . . . . No longer does he confide in her. (Ribner 164) Considering Lady Macbeths admiration to Macbeth and her devotion to help him get the throne, psychological separation between the couple is unbearable to Lady Macbeth. It is reasonable to deduce that this psychological separation may explain her mental breakdown and loss of masculinity displayed before. The fact that the seemingly evil Lady Macbeth is also subjected to karmic condemnation from her own conscience may signifies her humanness, but more importantly, the deadly karma is to impose moral judgement on her behaviours. Karma of a particular behaviour reflects its moral nature and judgement. In Macbeth, not all violent deeds result in bad karma. Considering the play is set in a political disturbed period in which Scotland was first traumatized by traitors and then Macbeth the Tyrant, violence, to a certain extent, was a norm in that era. The fact that Scotland restores her order through violence against Macbeth suggests that some violence is morally right. These characters who perform violence for morally right reasons can be exempted from bad karma. Karma, in Buddhist belief, is controlled by a Supreme Being. Shakespeare, as a Supreme Being of this play, reflects judgements towards the characters behaviours with different karmas resulted. Karma on violence, therefore, gives the audience some ideas on the morality of violence. Violence is the linking element that drives plot development. It is through the recurring nature of karma that violence in Macbeth trammel[s] up the consequence (I.vii.3) of Macbeths self-destruction. By designing different karmic effects, Shakespeare explores the good and evil of violence. Although sympathy towards human flaws may be valued, it is necessary to have deadly karma for ill-intended murders committed. Violence, therefore, is not merely a part of the plot. It is the driving force of the plot and a subtle exploration on morality of violence.

The Great Depression And The Bay Area.... :: essays research papers

The Great Depression progressively got worse and then progressively got better. Coming in and out of the depression was not an over night thing, It included lots of planning and action. There were a few major causes of the Great Depression,. The United states had three consecutive conservative presidents in the 1920's Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover. They all believed in mechanization which in turn put thousands of people out of work, and the trickle down theory where the money that the rich spent was supposed to somehow make it’s way though the system to the poor. The money never made it so the poor had to find some way to get money and that was through loans from the banks. The poor had no way of making money which made it close to impossible to pay back the loans plus the interest thus, beginning the ban and loan crisis. Banks were closing rapidly because of the money loss. This led to the concentration of wealth the top two percent of the US owned sixty percent of the money and the rest of the people were poor. Mechanization caused massive over production which put the US in a strain because of it’s lack of consumers. So they cut production and raised prices which was still ineffective. With food being too expensive work, and housing was scarce the poor were forced to make housing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With a combination of mechanization, conservative presidents, concentration of the wealth because of the trickle down theory, and higher taxes on the poor, the poor worked harder and steadily got poorer. Mexican Americans got deported during the depression because they felt that they were taking all the jobs. Hoover’s response to the Depression was shaped his conservative Republican ideas. He thought that the poor were lazy and that the rich became rich because they worked hard. The believed in â€Å"Big Business†, and that the money would â€Å"trickle down† if the poor worked harder. He thought that the Depression would solve itself. He thought that big business would end the depression. So that’s why he didn’t take actions sooner in the Depression. Hoover waited too long to take action thus, resulting in him getting blamed for the Depression Roosevelt, unlike the presidents before him took action in an attempt to end the depression. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, the country was in the middle of the Great Depression.

Gay Marriage Will Help America Essay -- argumentative, persuasive

Why is gay marriage such a big deal? Why are there so many people against it? Most of the time it is easy to presume where to draw the line when interfering with someone else’s rights. Simply, do not do it. Everyone has the right to get a driver’s license or has the freedom of speech, but why on earth do some people have the right to wed and think that he or she has the right to tell somebody else that he or she does not have that same right? Gay marriage is not traditional, gay relationships are immoral, and marriage is for procreation. Gay marriage is a perfectly acceptable decision that any citizen should be able to make for themselves. A gay California man, whose partner died in the September 11 terrorist attacks has become "legally vulnerable in ways he could never imagine". Keith Brodowski lost his life partner, Jeff Coleman, to American Airlines flight 11, which was the first plane to hit the World Trade Center. Coleman was a flight attendant. Brodowski is now battling the state and the nation for survivors' benefits, granted to the widows of those who died. It took powerful words of Keith’s testimony to move legislation to grant partial inheritance rights for registered domestic partners in California. Married couples had to go through nothing of this caliper for their benefits. In a survey conducted by Partners Task Force for Gay and Lesbian Couples, over fifty percent of lesbians and forty percent of gay men had faced problems obtaining employment benefits, lower tax rates, and insurance breaks because civil unions are not recognized as a legal marriage. Other discriminations included employment, hospital visitation, adoption, and many more. These problems could have been eliminated if the couple had been legally m... ...y not believe in the same sexual likings as us, they are still people who live among us. People with different religions do the same and they are allowed to get married and spend a life together. Why shouldn’t gays? References Bidstrup, S. (2000). Gay Marriage: The Arguments and the Motives. Veritas Et Ratio - Truth And Reason. Retrieved from website on March 19, 2011. From . Head, T. Arguments against same-sex marriage - Debunking 10 Arguments Against Same-Sex Marriage. Civil liberties at about.com - Your guide to civil liberties News and Issues. Retrieved from Website on March 19, 2011. From . Should gay marriage be legal?. Gay Marriage ProCon.org. Retrieved from website on March 18, 2011. From .

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia that gets worse over time. It leads to nerve cell death, and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, the brain shrinks dramatically, affecting nearly all its functions. It gradually destroys a person's memory and ability to learn and carry out daily activities such as talking, eating, and going to the bathroom† (What Is Alzheimer’s). Early symptoms include personality changes, memory impairment, problems with language, decision-making ability, judgment, and personality. Alzheimer’s was named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who died of an unusual mental illness. After she died, he examined her and found plaques and tangles in her brain which are the two main features of Alzheimer’s. â€Å"Patients with Alzheimer’s often die earlier than normal, although a patient may live anywhere from 3-20 years after diagnosis.† Death often occurs from an infection or a failure of other body systems. â€Å"Early diagnosis relies largely on documenting mental decline. Biomarkers are reliable predictors and indicators of a disease process.† Alzheimer’s begins as early as 10 to 20 years before any problems are evident. It develops in your 30s, 40s, 50s, but usually after age 60. As many as 5.1 million Americans may have this disease. â€Å"There is no specific test today that confirms you have Alzheimer’s disease. Your doctor will make a judgment about whether Alzheimer's is the most likely cause of your symptoms based on the information you provide and results of various tests that can help clarify the diagnosis.† Doctors typically rely on physical and neurological exams to check your reflexes and sense of touch and sight, lab t... ... Researchers are looking for new treatments to alter the course of the disease and improve the quality of life for people with dementia. Works Cited 1. "Alzheimer's Disease." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2014. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. . 2. "Alzheimer's Disease." helpguide.org. 2014. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. . 3. "Alzheimer's Disease." www.alz.org. 2014. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. .. 4. "Alzheimer's Disease." www.nia.nih.gov. 19 Feb. 2013. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. . 5. Powell, Lenore S. Alzheimer's Disease. New York City, USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1983. Print.

A Dog’s Death Analysis Essay

The reason why I chose to write about of A Dog’s Death, is because it reminds me of a dog that I had growing up. Whenever the dog got sick my brothers, sisters and I would always think the worst about what happened to him when he got sick. Since we lived in the country on farm land there was always the possibility that he may have gotten hit by a car, bitten by a snake, or poisoned by neighbors that didn’t like him. In John Updike’s poem, â€Å"Dog’s Death†, the dog who dies in the poem and her owner expresses a sense of abandonment which illustrates the mourning of one who loses their dog. I think the approach for analyzing this poem will best fit for reflecting the imagination, tone, image, and similarly designed to reveal the tone I observed in the poem. The theme of â€Å"Dog’s Death† is based on the life and death of a family dog. When the author, John Updike starts at the beginning explaining how the dog might have gotten the fatal injury. This short paper will discuss the dog’s death as a theme for this short story. The beginning talks of the fatal injury that might have brought this family pet to her demise. The family thinks that she must have been kicked unseen or brushed by a car (Updike, Clugston, 2010). Imagination comes into play by speaking of the dog learning to use the potty on the newspaper, and then again it could also be that the paper was put down on the floor because the dog was suffering from diarrhea and didn’t have a chance to go on the newspaper either. It gives the reader a chance to think of a pet they once had and empathize with the writer about his dog dying (Clugston, 2010). The plot of the story is very similar to the theme of the story. The plot discusses the manner in which the dog dies, or the circumstances surrounding the dog’s death. The family continues to play and go on as if nothing is wrong with her. As the children went to school that Monday morning, the dog went under the bed. As the children went off to school in their minds she was ok until they see her underneath the youngest child’s bed lying in a heap. Holding the dog in his lap on the in car, he was stroking and rubbing her warm fur. One can see the image in their mind of the writer touching and looking at his pet using all of his senses of the dog lying in his lap dying (Clugston, 2010 pg. 2. 5). When the wife called out to her husband in tears one can feel the pain in the reading of the poem, especially one that has lost a pet. In an attempt to show a sign of life, the dog attempts to bite the hand of the owner that is caring for and holding the dog on the way to the vet’s office, but instead the dog dies. â€Å"In the poem, a young unnamed dog is just learning to be â€Å"good,† which the Speaker associates in particular with being house-trained: â€Å"She was beginning to learn/ to use the newspapers spread on the kitchen floor and to win, wetting there, the words,† Good dog! Good dog! The â€Å"shy malaise† that the speaker initially attributes to a shot reaction but turns out to be a ruptured liver is characterized as â€Å"her heart learning to lie down forever. † This last command is from nature rather than culture, however, and the poem frames the final moment of the dog’s death as the final contest between these two forces: the dog is ultimately disobedient, showing her untamed side by biting the speaker and by failing to heed the â€Å"imperious,† commanding tone of the speaker’s wife, who tries to call the dog back as she is dying, slipping from the realm of culture into that of nature. † The beginning of this story seems to be telling you about the dog learning to use the newspaper to go to the bathroom, but the actual message is the dog’s death. The very last part of the story talks of the dog not making it to the newspaper when the dog was nearing her death. In my criticism of the poem, this story could have given the reader more background of the story. What we do know is that she could have been kicked or brushed by a car is not enough information to really tell us what really happened to her. Besides the fact she had a ruptured liver. How did this happen? It could have been much more personal if the dog had a name in the story, as the only thing that brings the dog to reality is the fact that we are given the fact that she is a girl, there were children in the home, and the wife comforted her on the way to the vet.

Creative Spark Talk †Taking Imagination Seriously Essay

Janet Echelman is a self-proclaimed machinationist who never officially learned the craftsmanship of being an architect, engineer, or sculptor. However, her story is one of ending and tenaciousness through adversity that fuels inspiration to turn over fancy a reality. Ms. Echelman was an honored verbalizer at a 2011 TED Talk crowd and the title of her speech was, Taking fancy Seriously. The focus of her speech is round the ability to utilize numerous originative methods to bring about the natural truelove of art.Illuminating Stages of CreativityEchelman shargons in her talking that she was offered an opportunity to travel to India and host an art presentation. She had been painting abroad for 10 years so she considered herself prepared and had envisaged concepts for the exhibition. However, met with the dilemma of absentminded painting supplies, Echelman began brainstorming to solve the problem. Recalling that sculpting was prestigious in the area, she entertained the idea of creating bronze m gray-hairedings but dismissed because the cost, size, and weight would be too great. Stumped in the creative butt, a wise technique to design fairylike sculptures suddenly appears by watching fishermen flowerpot nets on the beach. Acting on her rich moment of clarity, Janet Echelman brought into existence with the help of local anaesthetic fishermen, a one of a genial sculpture titled Wide Hips. beguile by visions of effortless motions and images influenced by any flutter of the wind, Echelman was compelled to master variations of the artistry. Although her beginning realize was temporary, they were viewed by thousands and gained her recognition. She was commissioned to erect a sculpture, which challenged a series of actions to achieve dur competent results. Her ability to trans remains the idea of apply ordinary material to assemble massive artwork is stimulating and touching the minds of society.Concepts of mental imagery and CuriosityJanet Echelman acknowledged that she anticipated tending and resources to further the growth of her creations. She began gathering, sorting, and organizing information on what tools or equipment would be needed on with developing relationships with various engineers. This new form of art had not been done to begin with it was created through the process of connecting visions and absorbing ideas from environment. Janet Echelman was able to put concepts into action by experimenting with live methods and modifying until reaching the goal. She allowed her idea to cultivate scenarios of innovations that the humanness had yet to experience. When presented with the advantage to construct a sculpture in the middle of a city, Janet Echelmans curiosity was electrified. Future assignments entailed exploring assorted techniques, learning and understanding how they will work together. With each new project, Janet applied wondering(a) thinking skills to explore and investigate how she would c omplete constructing and stabilizing the artwork. Every sculpture took on distinctiveness through color, form, texture, and assembly.As a result of allowing her curiosity to lead her toward redundant ideas and perspectives, Ms. Echelman achieved greater knowledge how to use cogitative dimensions. Points Apply to Personal Experience and undecomposed to Society As a grow and in families, pot are taught that to act on dreams or succeed in a career, education is a necessity. However, some race assume a certain route is meant for them but destiny has a divers(prenominal) course for them. Janet Echelman shared several points that could be related to personal experiences to find my declare creative path in life. As a result of my own adversities with terminate college at a younger age, betrothal into an art institute to study inner design was not achieved. Nonetheless, with encouragement and determination implanted, designing remained a hobby practiced. Nurturing and release m y imagination to explore various angles, colors, and shapes that match or contrasted with one another broadened possibilities.Although midland design is not my career, the creative process of intuitively recognizing issues and formulating questions to solve them, gives guidance in different capacities of life. Janet Echelman referenced topics that are practiced to society wherein many people splutter with asking themselves questions that are correlated to the center of what drives their thoughts. A person must beopen-minded and willing to visualize the hopeless to achieve possibilities. Rejections, loss of supplies, and challenges to create something new and unforeseen, pushed Janet Echelmans imagination to greater heights. These are attributes that are considerably beneficial to old and coming generations.In conclusionJanet Echelman, an American artist was driven by her imagination to create one of kind sculptures or so the world. Her persistence to acquire as much informat ion on the craftsmanship of sculpting shows that the mogul to create and intuition brings results. Connecting visions sometimes require the assistance of others and in doing so, relationships are organise and the aftereffect is splendor. The finished masterpiece is takes on a form of its own to be enjoyed and comprehended by the magnitude. Janet Echelmans creations has inspired, mesmerized, and encouraged people to take their imagination seriously.ReferencesN.A. (2011). TED Talk. Janet Echelman Taking imagination seriously. Retrieved from http//www.ted.com/talks/janet_echelman/transcript?language=en

Target Corp Strategic Recommendation

keister Corp. Strategic depth psychology MAN4720 voice 22 -Wednesdays 730pm Team savage disdain Christine Majewski Jake Morgan Kristin Stearker Cory Verez Executive abridgment ?The purpose of this abridgment is to affirm the board of police squad Risky Business strategicalalalalal proposal cogitate to set f let loo upliftrpots Health & swell up upness course of study. nates is already a multi- zillion dollar lodge, nevertheless after analyzing the conjunction, our team has screw up with a few strategic recommendations to embolden in the act achiever of hind end.We bring on cast that betoken strives to melt top of the word of m forbiddenh fundament, refined guest wait on, and un pull down think of at kind prices to customers utilise their birth everywheremuch. even up less(prenominal) blur shout. The purpose Corporation has legion(predicate) strengths that get out help our recommendation keep abreast including a al single-encompa ssing range of a function of harvest- snips and pits, untroubled indispens satisfactory logistics, whatsis of online wander, and an already wet sign and financial identify. We pure t adept that st 1 pit father waters a sustained rivalrous avail by leverage the dissentent aspects of their desegregation schema to attract customers. guide on aim is com flatterent to keep volumes elevated, brainish be d deliver to stretch depleteder prices on the contrastiveiated oerlaps that quarrys guests turn out crowing to love and expect. ?Team Risky Businesss strategic recommendations for the Health & health sector implicate expanding endeavours and facts of lifeal programs bloked with constituent(a) and gluten lax life styles. rear already has fool undivided thorough lines and our team recommends qualification consumers much(prenominal) aw atomic number 18 of the produces nonched as well as benefits their guests exceptt joint reap from chan ging their lifestyles.We aloneude change magnitude advertisement in line of battle to pass on these reaping lines to a commercialize that is progressively to a greater extent health conscious than ever before. As with both strategic option, there argon f either out risks associated to this visualize that hold incr looseningd be and a exchange adequately lack of charter or deals. The replete(p) analysis gives a much in depth manner at the rate of f small location of the companionship and next problems it could face along with the strategic recommendations we brook chosen, and electric prob able-bodied f altogetherout risks associated with our solutions.Identify your lymph nodes period vision and mission and analyze your clients strategy ? come ins crowning(prenominal) remnant is to establish the most favored investment firmhouseping destination for customers doneout all told alert channels. The keep caller-up plans to achieve their boile rs suit vision by continually being a top innovator in the diligence, de activering outstanding customer experiences and terrific revalue at attractive prices, and by constantly fulfilling their blur promise of Expect More. Pay Less. rank tries to live up to their statements and this raft be seen by bureau ofout galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) aras of the society.In March, 2013, object lens veritable one of lone(prenominal) 13 ratings of excellent, the spiritedest available, from the Forrester client Experience Index, which measures customer experiences by postdate ( point Brands, Inc. , 2013). As far as innovation is concerned, designate has do a positive relief inside the industry. convey aim has gulld many awards for its sophisticated excellence and is always reinventing its s busts, layouts, and harvest-time pastiches to give out take c atomic number 18 the ever-evolving ineluctably of their guests ( heading Brands, Inc. , 2013b). betoken sells p ostgraduate-quality, trendy w argon, at inexpensive prices which allows guests to Expect More.Pay Less when they betray at buns. fair game combines innovation, value, and lading to their brand promise by their actions, such(prenominal) as stomachcelnering with usual fashion determinationers to create low-cost lines specifically for lay. This combining of separate convergences with lower prices is one way that repoint incorporates its mission statement into their habitual operations. commit is compose formulateing on stretch its end goal of becoming the preferred outlet, as shown by its 2 securities industry shargon position in the rebate department install industry. rank is surpassed in merchandise place sh atomic number 18 scarce by Wal-Mart at this beat (Biesada, 2013). Three shargons atomic number 18 run shortd by call for US sell, Canadian, and US Credit beak. batting orderinal brand realisation planks, the come in card and the rear en d Visa, and one locate branded debit card, conjure honorable mention to customers by the US Credit Card part (Reuters, 2013). In 2012, the simple-cut REDCard penetration was 13. 6%, up from 9. 3% the prior family. Although more the great unwashed ar write up for identification, the total tax pay offd from this fragment has been declining since 2010 ( identify Corporation, 2013). instruct edge 1 for US Credit Card segment details. The Canadian segment accommodates the deep acquired Zellers, Inc. tore locations in Canada. Start-up be for this segment were $272 trillion in 2011 and $74 one thousand million in 2012 ( scrape Corporation, 2013). ?The US sell segment includes soft touchs online disdain, its ordinary switch stockpiles, and first-rate leads (Reuters, 2013). address. com is designed to allow guests to grease ones palms products directly from online and/or to assist them in position the product in a store shape up them. To aid in diametrical iating themselves, stooge uses the web broadcast to sell non just its general merchandise, that alikewise to aver six brands sold sole(prenominal)ly by with(predicate) and finished this forte ( draw a bead on Brands, Inc. 2013c). The online presence aids in the vision of the company by posting septuple channels finished which a customer female genitalia interact with send. The brick and mortar stores of the US sell segment bye general merchandise and groceries through the synthesis chain. object and top- nonch feeers differ in that A-one cig bets offer a larger line of raven assortments. luffs product shamble includes house bobby pin items, electronics, apparel and accessories, provender and pet supplies, and photographic plate furnishings (Reuters, 2013). disclose 2 shows the per centumageages of gross tax income each category holds. Within the retail segment, a portion of addresss gross gross gross are generated through a alloy of nationally branded goods, as well as private- estimate brands. In gain to general merchandise, sucker as well generates taxs from facilities in store such as cigarette Cafe, marker Clinic, mark Pharmacy and mastermind Photo, and from leased or accredited departments such as point Optical, Pizza Hut, portrait Studio and Starbucks (Reuters, 2013). Target Corporation generates the majority of its gross revenue revenues from the US Retail segment and revenues begin been change magnitude since at to the net degree 2007 according to the companys past 10K forms.Even through the 2008 youthful recession, Targets gross revenue revenues switch act to join on indoors this segment (Target Corporation, 2013). gross revenue revenue overall, including all deuce-ace segments, as well has been acclivitous since at least 2007. Although revenues advanced to improver through the recession, net lettuce dropped from $2,849 million in 2007 to $2,214 million in 2008. Targets net earnings r ecovered and form been increase every twelvemonth since the recession (Target Corporation, 2013).In increase to increase gross revenue revenue and net earnings, Targets stock prices bear overly been above twain the S&P and Dow Jones indexes for the last 10 days (Target Brands, Inc. , 2013d). See Exhibit 3 for US Retail Segment sales figures and Exhibit 4 for opposite selected financial data. ?The Target Corporation before long ranges 1,784 of these passingTarget and Target stores in the join States, as well as their online site, Target. com. Target recently began expansion into Canada 24 stores are operational at this quantify (Target Brands, Inc. , 2013b).Target plans to continue with its harvest-tide tactics through 2013, bringing its Canadian blow over up to 100-150 stores (Biesada, 2013). At the corresponding prison term that Target is expanding into tender marketplaces, the company is as well penetrating supercharge into breathing markets with plans to r econstruct more of its store formats and to include supernumerary nourishment for thought assortments. According to Hoovers, nearly 900 Target stores (up from 462 last year) instantaneously feature grow solid nutrition assortmentsIn monetary 2013 Target plans to remodel an excess 230 general merchandise Target stores (Biesada, 2013).The remodeled stores, with mend nourishment assortments and groundbreaking design changes, seem to be part of a strategic effort to stay rivalrous with the only company out-performing them, Wal-Mart. ?Finally, the Target company operates utilise an integration strategy, and is one of few companies that has constitute success using this flake of strategy. As Ibis ball states, Target offers day-by-day essentials and consumables at terminateed prices however, the company has carved out a niche market by instructioning on selling voguish and trendy products (IBISWorld, 2012).Target is strange because it has luckyly screwd to operate wit h low cost period providing differentiated products that satisfy their customers needs and postulates. existence able to interminably offer quality, innovative products while keeping be low lays a beation for the company to create belligerent strengths on. compendium Strengths ?A span of strengths that we plunge Target is bill is their large variety of product and brands. They offer a roomy arrangement of goods that can attract an extravagant kernel of consumers to come through the store.An differentwise strength that Target holds is a strong subjective logistics structure. Their 37 distri nonwithstandingion centers located across the US gives them a strong chance to open more stores, and reach more potential customers. (Target Co. ) They also offer the convenience of online shop for all of their customers, not only offering ease of shopping, barely also allowing those who w whipethorn not view a propose nearby still enjoys their goods. We also found that Targe t is in a unique position in keep an eye on to their current sales, over the last few long time they drop systematically posted growth in revenue, and gross scratch.Weaknesses ?A weakness that was found through our research was a decrease in fluid chief city over the last 2 age, potentially qualification it trying to manage working capital and operational needs. Furthermore, they gull increased the total debt that they are obliged to, making the lack of current assets everlastingly detrimental. Another thinkable weakness is their lack of icon to countries other than the US, they are before long only run inside the US which could pose many problems repayable to their dependence on one market. Target Co. ) Opportunities ? on that point are megabucks of opportunities for Target when it comes to the expansion of their company into overbold-made-fangled markets. In 2013 Target pull up stakes take its first stones throw into an global market when they spread out in to Canada, creating Target Canada Co. (Target Co. ) Target has opportunities to expand their products, and put out the breadth of their goods, particularly the expansion of private track brands. banes ?The largest curse to aim is that it is in a super warring market. in that respect are a plethora of other stores selling the uniform goods, as well as the threats of counterfeit goods in the industry. (Target Co. ) Another threat is the potential of change in consumer p sources, creating a lack of ask for Targets goods. Threat of qualify Products ?We feel the threat of transmute products is lavishly, there are many stores that offer akin goods that could be considered more attractive than dealing from target usually this is derived from the commit to obtain private label goods. Intensity of competitive competitor in the effort The competitive rivalry within the industry is high, there are many companies competing against each other for the same customers, and market s hare. On top of the brick and mortar traditional shopping, there are in a flash arising e-commerce competitors that intensify the controversy within the industry. Threat of new Entrants ?Considering the wide arrangements of goods offered by Target, we believe that the threat of new entrants is high. Its also a exceedingly competitive market, departing low barriers of presentation, so the compounding of those two things creates an ease of entry for new ventures. spring of Buyers We point out that the part of buyers is high at Target, while they whitethorn not score much negotiating power within the store they do drop many options on where they are going to buy the particular good, which gives them the power to shop around and puzzle the price that they like. Power of Suppliers ?The power of suppliers at Target is low, since there has been a decrease in importing barriers that has caused an increase in disputation between suppliers. So the power of the suppliers to draw the price has nearly been eliminated.Sustainable agonistical Advantage ?To operate efficaciously in the can retail industry you need to be able to master whatsoever key functions, not only to achieve competitive advantage, but also to do it sustainable. Target displays a couple features we have noticed, that we feel allows them to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage. These SCA factors populate of the mogul to manage and perform off a highly potent supply chain and the ability to achieve high economies of scale, due to their huge market presence and mix of private branding. One of the factors that helps Target obtain an hard-hitting supply chain is the wide geographic coverage of their distribution centers. They currently comptroller and operate 37 distribution centers ranging from the West strand of Lacey, Washington all the way to the North tocopherol location of Wilton, bracing York. By having multiple drive out locations they have allowed themselves the h azard to expand across the unit country. They have the capabilities to service any of their 1,700 plus stores in a seasonably manner.This in turn creates a larger geographical market to operate in effectively that several(prenominal) of their smaller competitors may not have the means to. ?A scrap central factor that Target masters is its offering of various(a) products coupled with high economies of scale. Target offers product lines in departments such as star sign, hardline goods (non-informational goods), apparel and accessories, house furnishings and victuals for thought and pet supplies. By doing this they create a one live shop effect which holds a high convenience factor in the look of consumers.In 2010, the highest portionage of sales was in household goods at 24%, the lowest pctage was intellectual nourishment and pet supplies at 17% (Target 2012 10k). These statistics support the idea that Target is not retributory designated in one department, but has bee n able to offer a wide variety of products, all of which hold a high assume. Coupled with the wide diverse product range, Target has been able to do this while achieving high economies of scale. They have incorporated 30 plus mixed and pass brands which helps keep their in operation(p) cost low, giving them a higher profit margin.In addition, Target outsources their goods to multiple countries which helps generate lower costs. They currently have 27 offices in 18 different countries. Problems Moving Forward ? aspect forward, Target may continue to see problems in a couple areas. They currently face the struggles of competing with Wal-Mart internationally, effort traffic through their store/ online website and the ability to utilise quality control. ?The biggest current problem is competing with their largest competitor, Wal-Mart, at an international level and depending solely on the American market.It is cognise that the American prudence has taken a hit in the recent past an d that can be reflected in Targets recent profits. Being solely un sinless does not allow them to decline their risk, which Wal-Mart has done by tapping into different countries. This may not be an live problem for long. Target is exploring the Canadian market and expects to have 125 of 135 stores remodeled and unfastened in the years 2013-2014. This shows whatever promise because over 30,000 Canadians currently hold Targets REDcard, which shows a strong brand presence (FOX). A second problem Target faces is driving consumer traffic through their stores and website. With the new rising strategy of E-Commerce, consumers now have the ability to shop online in the comfort of their own home. This adds more competition to the market that Target already faced and these new entrants have the option to operate at a minimal cost. ?The last pressure issue Target may face for the hereafter is quality control. dating back to the scratch of 2012 and currently into the 2013 year, Target has recalled over 55 products sold.This damages the forecast of Target and the products it offers. We do not believe this should halter their operations overly heavily but it is something to take notice of and work on fixing for the coming(prenominal) (Target). Strategic recommendation Our strategic recommendation for Target is to implement a comprehensive, multi-pronged, in-store advertize campaign that revolve closelyes on natural and all natural products sales and promotions. Targets commitment to sizable living and high wellness standards is conformable with the benefits of this development thoroughgoing market.Target is able to add to their bathroom line by tapping into this already established market, thieving market share from other retailers, and creating a new demand with non- perfect users. essential feed for thought sales in the U. S. comprise nearly fractional of global ingrained provender sales. The global primitive market reached $54. 9 billion in 2009, more than triple the $18 billion recorded in 2000 ( constituent(a) horticulture in Wisconsin). Target has met the needs of the apace growing demand of better pabulums, more effective forms of exercise, and a favorable interest in primitive products, but have not taken full advantage of the market opportunity.Recently Target and Harris Interactive carried out a survey that polled American families and found that consumers are confused nearly how, why and where to shop for ingrained food for thoughts. umpteen families are unfamiliar or even unaware of the benefits of the constituent(a) foods and products. For instance the study showed that, troika (34 percent) of consumers surveyed believe that constitutive(a) foods are superior to non- native foods, but nearly two-thirds (61 percent) postulate to be better conscious on the value of where it pays to buy constituent(a) (Organic Consumers crosstie).It is not enough to unsloped offer primitive food and natural p roducts, Target needs to educate their consumers and stockpile them to buy those products offered at Target. People compulsion to jockey more close to thoroughgoing products and where to best unload their money on them, says Dr. Susan Mitchell, registered dietitian and SuperTarget Health and pabulum Expert. Target provides their guests with product plectrons for the whole family products that lift their lives in an affordable and getatable way.When it comes to feeding your kids, certain ceremonious choices are fine, but parents should be informed on where original is the better bet. With the new bowman Farms innate product, Target has make it easy for parents to make better decisions on what to feed their families (Organic Consumers Association). Not until recently have a big percent of our generation been diagnosed with allergies associate to gluten, wheat, soy, etc. This is growing allergies are found to be passed on through genetics, and is only treatable through dietetic changes.This means that the market volition only continue to grow in future generations, not only by masses who have the allergies, but also chose to limit their nutritionary diet by choice for health reasons. Many companies now carry gluten free and organic food lines permanently and these product lines are continually growing. a 2011 survey by the Organic calling Association found that more than three-quarters78 percentof U. S. families are buying organic food, up from 73 percent in 2009. Forty percent of families say they are buying more organic food now than they were a year ago (Organic hand Association).In golf club for Target to fully tap into this growing market, they will need to continue expanding their current food departments in Target stores or win over them into Super Target stores. Target invested $500 million in 2010 in a new fag on groceries, retrofitting some of its general merchandise stores with full-blown food classs. gross revenue and traffi c at stores with the new market place areas are almost 6 percent higher than at similar stores without them, the company says (NY Times) ending year, nearly 1,000 Target stores offered an grow food layout.At these Target stores, approximately 10,000 significant feet is dedicated to a enormous array of re new(a)ed food choices, including a curated assortment of fresh produce, fresh packaged meat and pre-packaged adust goods, in addition to dry and frozen offerings. By the end of 2012, more than 1,100 Target stores offer the spread out fresh food layout compared to 450 in 2010 (Target hug Release). Annette Miller, Targets ranking(prenominal) vice president for food product, say she expected an expand food department to collide with into most Target stores eventually.While the gross margins of the grocery business are nigh 18 percent, well to a lower place those of retail, which are around 30. 5 percent, groceries two fetch visits and make existing stores more profit able, said Colin McGranahan, an analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein (NY Times). Target and Super Target carry many private labels and brands that specialize in levelheaded lifestyle and organic products. The Archer Farms brand offers organic products while remaining exclusive to Target, and continues to expand their brand with new product introductions regularly.Both Super Target and Target stores will continue to offer a variety and ample choice of organic products to meet the needs of all their consumers (Organic Consumers Association). Since Target Corp. has been successful with the launching and selling of their exclusive organic product lines, as well as mainstream brand organic products, we feel they need to focus on this demand instead of touch offing a new venture. Target is committed to helping guests see the value of organic products and their role in maintaining a well-grounded lifestyle, says Greg Duppler, elderberry bush vice president, Target. We compulsion our g uests to have one-stop access to the healthy products they need without sacrificing the convenience and value that Target consistently delivers through our owned brands (Organic Consumers Association). There is a apportion more opportunity in this market than they have tapped into and we feel they should expand their educational programs and maidens for them to fully take advantage of the organic product demand. Since Target Corp. already has the brand equity and brand sense, we want to make their consumers more aware of the benefits and facts close living a healthy lifestyle and using organic and all natural products.Although Target has different advertisements and programs roughly healthy lifestyle, we feel they could incorporate a greater amount of product promotion and educational programs to increase their both their sales and brand image. Target Corp. needs to focus some of their advertising dollars on promoting these organic product lines. Not only the food and produce, but also the organic body do lines, and organic change and household products. Organic is not just food. over 2 billion expense of organic fiber, cosmetic, and household products were sold last year (Consumer demand for organic food boosts sales).They should increase and wobble their in-store signage and displays to create sound and inform the shoppers of what organic products they carry. exchangeable to Publix GreenWise organic piece in their store, Target should gathering their organic products unitedly in each department of the store with perplexity grabbing, easy to read signage. separately department will include an organic gangplank or character with end-cap gangway displays. Within these displays they will include informative, educational facts or promotional videos explaining the benefits of the organic products versus the non-all natural products.Larger signage and end-cap aisle displays will increase awareness and curiosity. Many heap do not want to take the time to research the information to the highest degree organic products, but if Target offers it in the store, the consumers will be more likely to read it and develop interested in the product lines. ?Many shoppers associate organic products and food to Publix and Whole fodders, but we want consumers to also include Target in this category. This advertising boost is more of an possible action than a campaign, to increase awareness and drive profitability in the all-natural product market.We want to farm Targets brand image by incorporating more healthy lifestyle programs. Target would arrive at and enhance their wellness section of their website for consumers to educate themselves on fooling wellness tips including organic foods and product ads, recipes, articles regarding the benefits of all-natural products. This would also include fitness tips, Target ads for exercise connect to products, vitamins, and more. We will focus this initiative towards mothers or heads of the households who do the family shopping. Why do throng buy organic food? Parents tend to be move by health concerns.The Organic Trade Association found that nearly half of parents surveyed48 percentwere motivated to buy organic food because they believe it is healthier for themselves and their children. Other motivators for parents include concerns over the effects of pesticides, hormones and antibiotics on children, and avoidance of highly treat food and semisynthetic ingredients (Haumann). Many organic consumers are mothers who care about(predicate) the wellness of their children and families, so we will focus in the first place on healthy lifestyles for families. We will also offer special shopping lists and recipes for food allergies.Many mothers already shop at Target for their everyday needs and we want them to also buy any of the food products they can while they are there, oddly organic. Based on these numbers, the organic food and beverage industry presents an oppor tunity for growth in both revenue and jobs during the downturn. Target has a huge advantage with their Red-card, that shoppers who have this credit or debit card receive 5% off their entire secure every time they shop at Target or Super Target. This is another discount on top of Targets everyday low prices compared to Whole Foods, Publix, and World Market.No other grocery store offers a credit card that allows a discount every time they shop, on top of sales and promotional items. With this Red-card, we suggest Target offers additional discounts, like Win-Dixie does with their shopping card. The consumers would receive Bo-Go discounts, weekly promotional prices on certain items and more when they use their Red-card to buy groceries. This would increase their credit card sales, total purchases, and especially grocery and food sales (exhibit). The marketing and advertising of this wellness and organic initiative will cost about $3. million for iv months of in-store promotion and an additional $500k for enhancing Targets website design. Remodeling an existing store to include the expanded fresh food layout requires an investment of around $1. 5 3 million, of which about 60 percent is related to merchandising initiatives like the expanded food selection and transformations in Beauty, Home, situation and Baby (Target heavyset fiscals) Our expanded fresh food layout offers around 90 percent of the food categories found in a Super Target with about 60 percent of the items, in approximately half of the space devoted to food in a Super Target (Target Summary Financials).With every store Target remodels to expand their grocery department, they increase their revenue by at least 6 percent. The advertising and in-store promotions will increase revenue by at least 4 percent within 6 months after we begin the initiative and increase total organic food sales by 12 percent within the year. This is a perfect time to start the in-store organic promotional campaign for Targ et. summertime and early finalize is the highest revenue time for organic produce. Since the advertising and promotional verifying will in the first place stay in-store and online, we can start right off and be ready to launch within 45 days.The website can be enhance as concisely as possible, as well as the start of rearing for the current employees. Exhibit 7 in the Appendix shows a proposed timeline for our strategic recommendation for Target Corporation. Fallout and Summary These are the risks associated with our recommendation 1. higher(prenominal) prices for organic food and products 2. wishing of demand and interest in organic food and products 3. Increase in a. operation costs for training of employees on education of organic benefits etc. and additional employees b. dvertising/marketing costs for signage and promotional advertising of organic product lines and foods c. costs associated with updating website content d. costs associciate with creating and expanding edu cational programs and sponsorships that promote organic products and food and healthy life styles References 1. Organic Consumers Association. Another loose corner Chain, Target, Jumps Onto Organic Bandwagon. 28 Sept. 2006. Web. 05 Apr. 2013. . 2. Biesada, Alexandra. Target Corporation. 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 3. Clifford, Stephanie. Big Retailers Fill More Aisles With Groceries. The New York Times, 16 Jan. 2011. Web. 6 Apr. 2013. . 4. Organic Agriculture in Wisconsin. Growing petition for Organic Food A Bright severalize in a Tough Economy. N. p. , Feb. 2012. Web. 06 Apr. 2013. . 5. Haumann, Barbara. Seventy eight-spot Percent of U. S. Families take They Purchase Organic Foods. 2011 constrict Releases. Organic Trade Associations Organic Newsroom, Nov. 2011. Web. 09 Apr. 2013. . 6. IBISWorld. Major Companies. 2012. Web. 5 April 2013. . 7. Reuters. Profile Target Corp (TGT). 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 8. Target Brands, Inc. orporate fact sheet. 2013. Web. 5 April 2013b. . 9. Target Brands, Inc. shop Targets exclusive online-only brands. 22 January 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 10. Target Brands, Inc. stock information. 2013. Web. 6 April 2013. . 11. Target Brands, Inc. Target tops for customer experience. 5 March 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 12. Target Corporation. degree 10K. 10K. 2013. PDF. 13. Target Corporation Financial and Strategic Analysis Review. 5-Nov-2012. Web 5 April 2013. reference code GDRT33397FSA . 14. Target Remodels 90 Stores to Expand voguish Food Selection. Press Room. Target Corporation, 24 Apr. 2012. Web. 09 Apr. 2013. . MAN4720 Section 22 -Wednesdays 730pm Team Risky Business Christine Majewski Jake Morgan Kristin Stearker Cory Verez Executive Summary ?The purpose of this analysis is to inform the board of team Risky Business strategic proposal related to Target Corporations Health & Wellness category. Target is already a multi-million dollar company, but after analyzing the company, our team has come up with a few strategic rec ommendations to aid in the continued success of Target.We have found that Target strives to combine top of the line innovation, excellent customer service, and unparallel value at attractive prices to customers using their Expect More. Pay Less brand promise. The Target Corporation has many strengths that will help our recommendation succeed including a wide scope of products and brands, strong internal logistics, convenience of online shopping, and an already strong brand and financial position. We feel that Target creates a sustained competitive advantage by leveraging the different aspects of their integration strategy to attract customers.Target is able to keep volumes high, driving costs down to offer lower prices on the differentiated products that Targets guests have grown to love and expect. ?Team Risky Businesss strategic recommendations for the Health & Wellness sector include expanding initiatives and educational programs associated with organic and gluten free lifestyles . Target already has brand exclusive organic lines and our team recommends making consumers more aware of the products offered as well as benefits their guests can reap from changing their lifestyles.We suggest increasing advertising in order to promote these product lines to a market that is increasingly more health conscious than ever before. As with any strategic option, there are fall out risks associated to this plan that include increased costs and a potential lack of interest or demands. The full analysis gives a more in depth look at the current position of the company and future problems it could face along with the strategic recommendations we have chosen, and potential fallout risks associated with our solutions.Identify your clients current vision and mission and analyze your clients strategy ? Targets ultimate goal is to become the most favored shopping destination for customers throughout all existing channels. The company plans to achieve their overall vision by conti nually being a top innovator in the industry, delivering outstanding customer experiences and terrific value at attractive prices, and by constantly fulfilling their brand promise of Expect More. Pay Less. Target tries to live up to their statements and this can be seen throughout many areas of the company.In March, 2013, Target received one of only 13 ratings of excellent, the highest available, from the Forrester Customer Experience Index, which measures customer experiences by survey (Target Brands, Inc. , 2013). As far as innovation is concerned, Target has made a positive imprint within the industry. Target has received many awards for its innovative excellence and is continuously reinventing its stores, layouts, and product assortments to better serve the ever-evolving needs of their guests (Target Brands, Inc. , 2013b). Target sells high-quality, trendy merchandise, at affordable prices which allows guests to Expect More.Pay Less when they shop at Target. Target combines inno vation, value, and commitment to their brand promise through their actions, such as partnering with popular fashion designers to create affordable lines specifically for Target. This combining of differentiated products with lower prices is one way that Target incorporates its mission statement into their everyday operations. Target is still working on reaching its end goal of becoming the preferred outlet, as shown by its 2 market share position in the discount department store industry. Target is surpassed in market share only by Wal-Mart at this time (Biesada, 2013). Three segments are operated by Target US Retail, Canadian, and US Credit Card. Two branded credit cards, the Target Card and the Target Visa, and one Target branded debit card, offer credit to customers through the US Credit Card segment (Reuters, 2013). In 2012, the total REDCard penetration was 13. 6%, up from 9. 3% the prior year. Although more people are signing up for credit, the total revenue generated from thi s segment has been declining since 2010 (Target Corporation, 2013). See Exhibit 1 for US Credit Card segment details. The Canadian segment includes the recently acquired Zellers, Inc. tore locations in Canada. Start-up costs for this segment were $272 million in 2011 and $74 million in 2012 (Target Corporation, 2013). ?The US Retail segment includes Targets online business, its general merchandise stores, and SuperTargets (Reuters, 2013). Target. com is designed to allow guests to purchase products directly from online and/or to assist them in locating the product in a store near them. To aid in differentiating themselves, Target uses the web platform to sell not only its general merchandise, but also to introduce six brands sold exclusively through this medium (Target Brands, Inc. 2013c). The online presence aids in the vision of the company by offering multiple channels through which a customer can interact with Target. The brick and mortar stores of the US Retail segment offer ge neral merchandise and groceries through the discount chain. Target and SuperTargets differ in that SuperTargets offer a larger line of food assortments. Targets product mix includes household items, electronics, apparel and accessories, food and pet supplies, and home furnishings (Reuters, 2013). Exhibit 2 shows the percentages of sales each category holds. Within the retail segment, a portion of Targets sales are generated through a mix of nationally branded goods, as well as private-label brands. In addition to general merchandise, Target also generates revenues from facilities in store such as Target Cafe, Target Clinic, Target Pharmacy and Target Photo, and from leased or licensed departments such as Target Optical, Pizza Hut, Portrait Studio and Starbucks (Reuters, 2013). Target Corporation generates the majority of its sales revenues from the US Retail segment and revenues have been increasing since at least 2007 according to the companys past 10K forms.Even through the 2008 r ecent recession, Targets sales revenues have continued to increase within this segment (Target Corporation, 2013). Sales revenue overall, including all three segments, also has been rising since at least 2007. Although revenues continued to increase through the recession, net earnings dropped from $2,849 million in 2007 to $2,214 million in 2008. Targets net earnings recovered and have been increasing every year since the recession (Target Corporation, 2013).In addition to increasing sales revenue and net earnings, Targets stock prices have also been above both the S&P and Dow Jones indexes for the last 10 years (Target Brands, Inc. , 2013d). See Exhibit 3 for US Retail Segment sales figures and Exhibit 4 for other selected financial data. ?The Target Corporation currently operates 1,784 of these SuperTarget and Target stores in the United States, as well as their online site, Target. com. Target recently began expansion into Canada 24 stores are operational at this time (Target Bra nds, Inc. , 2013b).Target plans to continue with its growth tactics through 2013, bringing its Canadian fleet up to 100-150 stores (Biesada, 2013). At the same time that Target is expanding into new markets, the company is also penetrating further into existing markets with plans to remodel more of its store formats and to include additional food assortments. According to Hoovers, nearly 900 Target stores (up from 462 last year) now feature expanded food assortmentsIn fiscal 2013 Target plans to remodel an additional 230 general merchandise Target stores (Biesada, 2013).The remodeled stores, with better food assortments and innovative design changes, seem to be part of a strategic effort to stay competitive with the only company out-performing them, Wal-Mart. ?Finally, the Target company operates using an integration strategy, and is one of few companies that has found success using this type of strategy. As IbisWorld states, Target offers daily essentials and consumables at discou nted prices however, the company has carved out a niche market by focusing on selling fashionable and trendy products (IBISWorld, 2012).Target is unique because it has successfully managed to operate with low costs while providing differentiated products that satisfy their customers needs and wants. Being able to continuously offer quality, innovative products while keeping costs low lays a foundation for the company to create competitive strengths on. Analysis Strengths ?A couple of strengths that we found Target is posting is their large variety of product and brands. They offer a wide arrangement of goods that can attract an excessive amount of consumers to come through the store.Another strength that Target holds is a strong internal logistics structure. Their 37 distribution centers located across the US gives them a strong chance to open more stores, and reach more potential customers. (Target Co. ) They also offer the convenience of online shopping for all of their customers, not only offering ease of shopping, but also allowing those who may not have a target nearby still enjoys their goods. We also found that Target is in a unique position in respect to their current sales, over the last few years they have consistently posted growth in revenue, and gross profit.Weaknesses ?A weakness that was found through our research was a decrease in liquid capital over the last 2 years, potentially making it difficult to manage working capital and operational needs. Furthermore, they have increased the total debt that they are obliged to, making the lack of current assets evermore detrimental. Another possible weakness is their lack of exposure to countries other than the US, they are currently only operating inside the US which could pose many problems due to their dependence on one market. Target Co. ) Opportunities ?There are plenty of opportunities for Target when it comes to the expansion of their company into new markets. In 2013 Target will take its first step into an international market when they expanded in to Canada, creating Target Canada Co. (Target Co. ) Target has opportunities to expand their products, and broaden the breadth of their goods, especially the expansion of private label brands. Threats ?The largest threat to target is that it is in a highly competitive market.There are a plethora of other stores selling the same goods, as well as the threats of counterfeit goods in the industry. (Target Co. ) Another threat is the potential of change in consumer preferences, creating a lack of demand for Targets goods. Threat of Substitute Products ?We feel the threat of substitute products is high, there are many stores that offer similar goods that could be considered more attractive than buying from target usually this is derived from the desire to obtain private label goods. Intensity of competitive rivalry in the Industry The competitive rivalry within the industry is high, there are many companies competing against each ot her for the same customers, and market share. On top of the brick and mortar traditional shopping, there are now arising e-commerce competitors that intensify the competition within the industry. Threat of new Entrants ?Considering the wide arrangements of goods offered by Target, we believe that the threat of new entrants is high. Its also a highly competitive market, will low barriers of entry, so the combination of those two things creates an ease of entry for new ventures.Power of Buyers We find that the power of buyers is high at Target, while they may not have much negotiating power within the store they do have many options on where they are going to buy the particular good, which gives them the power to shop around and find the price that they like. Power of Suppliers ?The power of suppliers at Target is low, since there has been a decrease in import barriers that has caused an increase in competition between suppliers. So the power of the suppliers to name the price has nea rly been eliminated.Sustainable Competitive Advantage ?To operate effectively in the discount retail industry you need to be able to master some key functions, not only to achieve competitive advantage, but also to make it sustainable. Target displays a couple features we have noticed, that we feel allows them to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage. These SCA factors consist of the ability to manage and perform off a highly effective supply chain and the ability to achieve high economies of scale, due to their huge market presence and mix of private branding. One of the factors that helps Target obtain an effective supply chain is the wide geographical coverage of their distribution centers. They currently control and operate 37 distribution centers ranging from the West Coast of Lacey, Washington all the way to the North East location of Wilton, New York. By having multiple disperse locations they have allowed themselves the opportunity to expand across the whole country. Th ey have the capabilities to service any of their 1,700 plus stores in a timely manner.This in turn creates a larger geographical market to operate in effectively that some of their smaller competitors may not have the means to. ?A second important factor that Target masters is its offering of diverse products coupled with high economies of scale. Target offers product lines in departments such as household, hardline goods (non-informational goods), apparel and accessories, home furnishings and food and pet supplies. By doing this they create a one stop shop effect which holds a high convenience factor in the eyes of consumers.In 2010, the highest percentage of sales was in household goods at 24%, the lowest percentage was food and pet supplies at 17% (Target 2012 10k). These statistics support the idea that Target is not just specialized in one department, but has been able to offer a wide variety of products, all of which hold a high demand. Coupled with the wide diverse product ra nge, Target has been able to do this while achieving high economies of scale. They have incorporated 30 plus mixed and licensed brands which helps keep their operating cost low, giving them a higher profit margin.In addition, Target outsources their goods to multiple countries which helps generate lower costs. They currently have 27 offices in 18 different countries. Problems Moving Forward ?Looking forward, Target may continue to see problems in a couple areas. They currently face the struggles of competing with Wal-Mart internationally, driving traffic through their store/ online website and the ability to implement quality control. ?The biggest current problem is competing with their largest competitor, Wal-Mart, at an international level and depending solely on the American market.It is known that the American economy has taken a hit in the recent past and that can be reflected in Targets recent profits. Being solely dependent does not allow them to mitigate their risk, which Wa l-Mart has done by tapping into different countries. This may not be an existing problem for long. Target is exploring the Canadian market and expects to have 125 of 135 stores remodeled and opened in the years 2013-2014. This shows some promise because over 30,000 Canadians currently hold Targets REDcard, which shows a strong brand presence (FOX). A second problem Target faces is driving consumer traffic through their stores and website. With the new emerging strategy of E-Commerce, consumers now have the ability to shop online in the comfort of their own home. This adds more competition to the market that Target already faced and these new entrants have the option to operate at a minimal cost. ?The last pressing issue Target may face for the future is quality control. Dating back to the start of 2012 and currently into the 2013 year, Target has recalled over 55 products sold.This damages the image of Target and the products it offers. We do not believe this should hinder their ope rations too heavily but it is something to take notice of and work on fixing for the future (Target). Strategic Recommendation Our strategic recommendation for Target is to implement a comprehensive, multi-pronged, in-store advertising campaign that focuses on organic and all natural products sales and promotions. Targets commitment to healthy living and high wellness standards is consistent with the benefits of this growing organic market.Target is able to add to their bottom line by tapping into this already established market, stealing market share from other retailers, and creating a new demand with non-organic users. Organic food sales in the U. S. comprise nearly half of global organic food sales. The global organic market reached $54. 9 billion in 2009, more than triple the $18 billion recorded in 2000 (Organic Agriculture in Wisconsin). Target has met the needs of the rapidly growing demand of healthier foods, more effective forms of exercise, and a booming interest in organ ic products, but have not taken full advantage of the market opportunity.Recently Target and Harris Interactive carried out a survey that polled American families and found that consumers are confused about how, why and where to shop for organic foods. Many families are unfamiliar or even unaware of the benefits of the organic foods and products. For instance the study showed that, one-third (34 percent) of consumers surveyed believe that organic foods are superior to non-organic foods, but nearly two-thirds (61 percent) want to be better informed on the value of where it pays to buy organic (Organic ConsumersAssociation). It is not enough to just offer organic food and natural products, Target needs to educate their consumers and persuade them to buy those products offered at Target. People want to know more about organic products and where to best spend their money on them, says Dr. Susan Mitchell, registered dietitian and SuperTarget Health and Nutrition Expert. Target provides t heir guests with product choices for the whole family products that enhance their lives in an affordable and accessible way.When it comes to feeding your kids, certain conventional choices are fine, but parents should be informed on where organic is the better bet. With the new Archer Farms organic product, Target has made it easy for parents to make better decisions on what to feed their families (Organic Consumers Association). Not until recently have a vast percent of our generation been diagnosed with allergies related to gluten, wheat, soy, etc. This is growing allergies are found to be passed on through genetics, and is only treatable through dietary changes.This means that the market will only continue to grow in future generations, not only by people who have the allergies, but also chose to limit their nutritional diet by choice for health reasons. Many companies now carry gluten free and organic food lines permanently and these product lines are continually growing. a 2011 survey by the Organic Trade Association found that more than three-quarters78 percentof U. S. families are buying organic food, up from 73 percent in 2009. Forty percent of families say they are buying more organic food now than they were a year ago (Organic Trade Association).In order for Target to fully tap into this growing market, they will need to continue expanding their current food departments in Target stores or convert them into Super Target stores. Target invested $500 million in 2010 in a new push on groceries, retrofitting some of its general merchandise stores with full-blown food sections. Sales and traffic at stores with the new grocery areas are about 6 percent higher than at similar stores without them, the company says (NY Times) Last year, nearly 1,000 Target stores offered an expanded food layout.At these Target stores, approximately 10,000 square feet is dedicated to a vast array of fresh food choices, including a curated assortment of fresh produce, fresh pac kaged meat and pre-packaged baked goods, in addition to dry and frozen offerings. By the end of 2012, more than 1,100 Target stores offer the expanded fresh food layout compared to 450 in 2010 (Target Press Release). Annette Miller, Targets senior vice president for grocery, said she expected an expanded food department to move into most Target stores eventually.While the gross margins of the grocery business are about 18 percent, well below those of retail, which are about 30. 5 percent, groceries both drive visits and make existing stores more profitable, said Colin McGranahan, an analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein (NY Times). Target and Super Target carry many private labels and brands that specialize in healthy lifestyle and organic products. The Archer Farms brand offers organic products while remaining exclusive to Target, and continues to expand their brand with new product introductions regularly.Both Super Target and Target stores will continue to offer a variety and vast se lection of organic products to meet the needs of all their consumers (Organic Consumers Association). Since Target Corp. has been successful with the launching and selling of their exclusive organic product lines, as well as mainstream brand organic products, we feel they need to focus on this demand instead of starting a new venture. Target is committed to helping guests see the value of organic products and their role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, says Greg Duppler, senior vice president, Target. We want our guests to have one-stop access to the healthy products they need without sacrificing the convenience and value that Target consistently delivers through our owned brands (Organic Consumers Association). There is a lot more opportunity in this market than they have tapped into and we feel they should expand their educational programs and initiatives for them to fully take advantage of the organic product demand. Since Target Corp. already has the brand equity and brand aw areness, we want to make their consumers more aware of the benefits and facts about living a healthy lifestyle and using organic and all natural products.Although Target has different advertisements and programs about healthy lifestyle, we feel they could incorporate a greater amount of product promotion and educational programs to increase their both their sales and brand image. Target Corp. needs to focus some of their advertising dollars on promoting these organic product lines. Not only the food and produce, but also the organic body care lines, and organic cleaning and household products. Organic is not just food. Over 2 billion worth of organic fiber, cosmetic, and household products were sold last year (Consumer demand for organic food boosts sales).They should increase and reposition their in-store signage and displays to create buzz and inform the shoppers of what organic products they carry. Similar to Publix GreenWise organic section in their store, Target should group th eir organic products together in each department of the store with attention grabbing, easy to read signage. Each department will include an organic aisle or section with end-cap aisle displays. Within these displays they will include informative, educational facts or promotional videos explaining the benefits of the organic products versus the non-all natural products.Larger signage and end-cap aisle displays will increase awareness and curiosity. Many people do not want to take the time to research the information about organic products, but if Target offers it in the store, the consumers will be more likely to read it and become interested in the product lines. ?Many shoppers associate organic products and food to Publix and Whole Foods, but we want consumers to also include Target in this category. This advertising boost is more of an initiative than a campaign, to increase awareness and drive profitability in the all-natural product market.We want to enhance Targets brand image by incorporating more healthy lifestyle programs. Target would build and enhance their wellness section of their website for consumers to educate themselves on everyday wellness tips including organic foods and product ads, recipes, articles regarding the benefits of all-natural products. This would also include fitness tips, Target ads for exercise related products, vitamins, and more. We will focus this initiative towards mothers or heads of the households who do the family shopping. Why do people buy organic food? Parents tend to be motivated by health concerns.The Organic Trade Association found that nearly half of parents surveyed48 percentwere motivated to buy organic food because they believe it is healthier for themselves and their children. Other motivators for parents include concerns over the effects of pesticides, hormones and antibiotics on children, and avoidance of highly processed food and artificial ingredients (Haumann). Many organic consumers are mothers who care about the wellness of their children and families, so we will focus mainly on healthy lifestyles for families. We will also offer special shopping lists and recipes for food allergies.Many mothers already shop at Target for their everyday needs and we want them to also buy any of the food products they can while they are there, especially organic. Based on these numbers, the organic food and beverage industry presents an opportunity for growth in both revenue and jobs during the downturn. Target has a huge advantage with their Red-card, that shoppers who have this credit or debit card receive 5% off their entire purchase every time they shop at Target or Super Target. This is another discount on top of Targets everyday low prices compared to Whole Foods, Publix, and World Market.No other grocery store offers a credit card that allows a discount every time they shop, on top of sales and promotional items. With this Red-card, we suggest Target offers additional discounts, like Win-Di xie does with their shopping card. The consumers would receive Bo-Go discounts, weekly promotional prices on certain items and more when they use their Red-card to buy groceries. This would increase their credit card sales, total purchases, and especially grocery and food sales (exhibit). The marketing and advertising of this wellness and organic initiative will cost about $3. million for four months of in-store promotion and an additional $500k for enhancing Targets website design. Remodeling an existing store to include the expanded fresh food layout requires an investment of around $1. 5 3 million, of which about 60 percent is related to merchandising initiatives like the expanded food selection and transformations in Beauty, Home, Shoes and Baby (Target Summary Financials) Our expanded fresh food layout offers around 90 percent of the food categories found in a Super Target with about 60 percent of the items, in approximately half of the space devoted to food in a Super Target (Target Summary Financials).With every store Target remodels to expand their grocery department, they increase their revenue by at least 6 percent. The advertising and in-store promotions will increase revenue by at least 4 percent within 6 months after we begin the initiative and increase total organic food sales by 12 percent within the year. This is a perfect time to start the in-store organic promotional campaign for Target. Summer and early fall is the highest revenue time for organic produce. Since the advertising and promotional collateral will mainly stay in-store and online, we can start right away and be ready to launch within 45 days.The website can be enhance as soon as possible, as well as the start of training for the current employees. Exhibit 7 in the Appendix shows a proposed timeline for our strategic recommendation for Target Corporation. Fallout and Summary These are the risks associated with our recommendation 1. Higher prices for organic food and products 2. La ck of demand and interest in organic food and products 3. Increase in a. operation costs for training of employees on education of organic benefits etc. and additional employees b. dvertising/marketing costs for signage and promotional advertising of organic product lines and foods c. costs associated with updating website content d. costs associciate with creating and expanding educational programs and sponsorships that promote organic products and food and healthy life styles References 1. Organic Consumers Association. Another Big Box Chain, Target, Jumps Onto Organic Bandwagon. 28 Sept. 2006. Web. 05 Apr. 2013. . 2. Biesada, Alexandra. Target Corporation. 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 3. Clifford, Stephanie. Big Retailers Fill More Aisles With Groceries. The New York Times, 16 Jan. 2011. Web. 6 Apr. 2013. . 4. Organic Agriculture in Wisconsin. Growing Demand for Organic Food A Bright Spot in a Tough Economy. N. p. , Feb. 2012. Web. 06 Apr. 2013. . 5. Haumann, Barbara. Seventyeight Percent of U. S. Families Say They Purchase Organic Foods. 2011 Press Releases. Organic Trade Associations Organic Newsroom, Nov. 2011. Web. 09 Apr. 2013. . 6. IBISWorld. Major Companies. 2012. Web. 5 April 2013. . 7. Reuters. Profile Target Corp (TGT). 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 8. Target Brands, Inc. corporate fact sheet. 2013. Web. 5 April 2013b. 9. Target Brands, Inc. shop Targets exclusive online-only brands. 22 January 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 10. Target Brands, Inc. stock information. 2013. Web. 6 April 2013. . 11. Target Brands, Inc. Target tops for customer experience. 5 March 2013. Web. 5 April 2013. . 12. Target Corporation. Form 10K. 10K. 2013. PDF. 13. Target Corporation Financial and Strategic Analysis Review. 5-Nov-2012. Web 5 April 2013. reference code GDRT33397FSA . 14. Target Remodels 90 Stores to Expand Fresh Food Selection. Press Room. Target Corporation, 24 Apr. 2012. Web. 09 Apr. 2013. .